The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise A Fragment Classic Reprint Charles Babbage 9781331061410 Books
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Excerpt from The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise A Fragment
I. Extracts from Letters of Sir John Herschel K. On the Elevation of Beaches by Tides L. On Ripple Mark.
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The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise A Fragment Classic Reprint Charles Babbage 9781331061410 Books
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor, and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable computer.The Earl of Bridgewater (1856-1829; he was an amateur naturalist) on his deathbed commissioned eight "Bridgewater Treatises" to explore "the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation." These eight volumes appeared between 1833 to 1840, and included such works as: On the Adaptation of External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man (1833), by John Kidd; Astronomy and General Physics: Considered with Reference to Natural Theology by William Whewell; Animal and Vegetable Physiology: Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, Volume 1 by Peter Mark Roget; Geology and Mineralogy Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, Volume 1; and Chemistry, Meteorology, and the Function of Digestion Considered with Reference to Natural Theology by William Prout.
Babbage felt that books such as Whewell's "give support to those who maintain that the pursuits of science are in general unfavorable to religion." Therefore, Babbage composed this work---which he called the "Ninth Bridgewater Treatise"---to support notions such as that "The truths of natural religion rest also on the testimony of our external senses, but united with that internal consciousness of intention of design which we experience in our own breast... Revealed religion rests on human testimony; and on that alone. Its first and greatest support arises from natural religion."
He argues that an engine, "for which, after its original adjustment, no superintendence is required, displays far greater ingenuity than that which demands, at every change in its law, the direct intervention of its contriver."
Concerning revealed religion, he writes, "(T)here exists no such fatal collision between the words of Scripture and the facts of nature." "(W)hilst the testimony of Moses remains unimpeached, we may also be permitted to confide in the testimony of our senses." He explains miracles "not as deviations from the laws assigned by the Almighty for the government of matter and of mind; but as the exact fulfillment of much more extensive laws than those we suppose to exist."
Interestingly, Babbage criticizes Scottish philosopher David Hume's argument against miracles on probabilistic grounds, and concludes, "provided we can assume that independent witnesses can be found of whose testimony it can be stated that it is more probable that it is true than that it is false, we can always assign a number of witnesses which will, according to Hume's argument, prove the truth of a miracle." (Chap. X) [This is certainly a more interesting argument than Christian apologist C.S. Lewis's argument---in his book Miracles---that Hume's argument is circular.]
He concludes on the thought, "It is for you to determine whether the trains of thought I have excited have lowered or exalted your previous notions of the power and the knowledge of the Creator."
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The Ninth Bridgewater Treatise A Fragment Classic Reprint Charles Babbage 9781331061410 Books Reviews
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor, and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable computer.
The Earl of Bridgewater (1856-1829; he was an amateur naturalist) on his deathbed commissioned eight "Bridgewater Treatises" to explore "the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Creation." These eight volumes appeared between 1833 to 1840, and included such works as On the Adaptation of External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man (1833), by John Kidd; Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural Theology by William Whewell; Animal and Vegetable Physiology Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, Volume 1 by Peter Mark Roget; Geology and Mineralogy Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, Volume 1; and Chemistry, Meteorology, and the Function of Digestion Considered with Reference to Natural Theology by William Prout.
Babbage felt that books such as Whewell's "give support to those who maintain that the pursuits of science are in general unfavorable to religion." Therefore, Babbage composed this work---which he called the "Ninth Bridgewater Treatise"---to support notions such as that "The truths of natural religion rest also on the testimony of our external senses, but united with that internal consciousness of intention of design which we experience in our own breast... Revealed religion rests on human testimony; and on that alone. Its first and greatest support arises from natural religion."
He argues that an engine, "for which, after its original adjustment, no superintendence is required, displays far greater ingenuity than that which demands, at every change in its law, the direct intervention of its contriver."
Concerning revealed religion, he writes, "(T)here exists no such fatal collision between the words of Scripture and the facts of nature." "(W)hilst the testimony of Moses remains unimpeached, we may also be permitted to confide in the testimony of our senses." He explains miracles "not as deviations from the laws assigned by the Almighty for the government of matter and of mind; but as the exact fulfillment of much more extensive laws than those we suppose to exist."
Interestingly, Babbage criticizes Scottish philosopher David Hume's argument against miracles on probabilistic grounds, and concludes, "provided we can assume that independent witnesses can be found of whose testimony it can be stated that it is more probable that it is true than that it is false, we can always assign a number of witnesses which will, according to Hume's argument, prove the truth of a miracle." (Chap. X) [This is certainly a more interesting argument than Christian apologist C.S. Lewis's argument---in his book Miracles---that Hume's argument is circular.]
He concludes on the thought, "It is for you to determine whether the trains of thought I have excited have lowered or exalted your previous notions of the power and the knowledge of the Creator."
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